Polyvagal Theory, developed by Dr. Stephen Porges, explains how our autonomic nervous system works to keep us safe, alive, and connected — to ourselves and to others.

The first principle

Neuroception: your safety scanner

Your nervous system automatically scans for cues of safety and danger — in three directions.

Inside

What's happening within your body — heart rate, breathing, digestion, energy, sensation.

Outside

The world around you — sounds, sights, movement, and the overall environment.

Between

Other people — facial expressions, tone of voice, eye contact, presence. We're deeply relational.

The second principle

Hierarchy of state: your nervous system's ladder

Our three states are organized in a hierarchy — an adaptive ladder. As the autonomic nervous system reads cues of safety and danger, it moves us along it: from ventral vagal (safety and connection), to sympathetic (fight or flight), to dorsal vagal (shutdown).

Ventral vagal

Safety

Calm, grounded, connected, creative.

Sympathetic

Mobilized

Fight or flight — alert, prepared to act.

Dorsal vagal

Shutdown

Freeze — low energy, numbness, disconnection.

None of these states are bad. Each is an adaptive response designed to help us survive. Read more about the three states →

The spaces between

Where we can slow down and get curious

Where ventral vagal overlaps with sympathetic and dorsal, there are important spaces — places where we can slow down and become curious about our experience, noticing thoughts, emotions, body sensations, and reactions with greater awareness. With support, we can work gently with these experiences through somatic parts work, somatic EMDR, and other body-based practices.

Healing doesn't come from forcing change. It comes from creating enough safety for the nervous system to move naturally toward regulation.
The third principle

Co-regulation: healing happens in relationship

Co-regulation is the process by which nervous systems help one another feel safe. From birth, we rely on caring relationships to help regulate our emotions and physiology. When a caregiver responds with warmth, attunement, and consistency, a child's nervous system learns that the world is safe and relationships can be trusted.

These early experiences shape attachment patterns — but they do not determine our future. At any age, we can develop greater security, resilience, and connection. As attunement deepens, trust grows; as trust grows, we become more embodied — more connected to who we truly are. And from that place of authenticity, we move toward wholeness.

Understanding Polyvagal Theory — Printable Poster

A clear, printable diagram of Dr. Stephen Porges's Polyvagal Theory — neuroception, the three states, and co-regulation.

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